In computing, what is the term for a collection of data that is organized and stored for quick retrieval?

The term that refers to a collection of data organized and stored for quick retrieval is a database. A database is designed to efficiently manage, store, and retrieve large amounts of data, and it utilizes structured formats and querying languages such as SQL (Structured Query Language) to facilitate quick access to the data. This structure allows for relationships between different pieces of data to be established and maintained, enabling users to perform complex queries and get results quickly.

The other choices, while relating to data storage and management, do not specifically pertain to organized collections designed primarily for quick retrieval. A file system structures files on a storage medium, which may not focus on quick access to specific data in the same manner as a database. A data stream typically refers to a continuous flow of data generated by an ongoing process or event, rather than a stored collection. A data warehouse, while also a type of database, refers specifically to a system used for reporting and data analysis, usually containing consolidated data from multiple sources, but is not primarily focused solely on quick retrieval.